Cystic Disease of Kidney (Polycystic Kidney Disease – PKD) refers to a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can cause the kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time. PKD is one of the most common hereditary kidney diseases and can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure if not managed effectively.
Key Features of PKD:
- Causes: PKD is primarily caused by genetic mutations, inherited in an autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive (ARPKD) pattern.
- Symptoms: High blood pressure, back or side pain, frequent urination, blood in urine, kidney infections, and eventual kidney enlargement.
- Complications: Increased risk of kidney stones, cyst infections, aneurysms, and kidney failure.
Diagnosis:
- Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI are used to detect cysts.
- Genetic testing may confirm the diagnosis, especially in cases with a family history.
Management and Treatment:
- Medications: To control symptoms like high blood pressure.
- Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding smoking.
- Advanced Care: Dialysis or kidney transplant in severe cases.
