Introduction
A swollen kidney, medically known as hydronephrosis, occurs when urine cannot drain properly from the kidney, causing it to become enlarged. The swelling develops because urine backs up into the kidney instead of flowing normally into the bladder.
Hydronephrosis is not a disease itself but a sign of an underlying problem such as kidney stones, urinary tract obstruction, enlarged prostate, congenital abnormalities, or urinary tract infections. If left untreated, prolonged swelling can damage kidney tissue and reduce kidney function.
Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to relieve the obstruction, preserve kidney function, and prevent complications.
At Prabhakar Bhurke Clinic, our super specialist nephrologist provides comprehensive kidney evaluations, advanced diagnostic testing, personalized treatment plans, kidney function assessment, dialysis planning when required, and long-term kidney care.
What Is a Swollen Kidney?
A swollen kidney develops when urine accumulates inside the kidney because of partial or complete blockage of urine flow.
The condition may affect:
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One kidney (unilateral hydronephrosis)
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Both kidneys (bilateral hydronephrosis)
The severity ranges from mild to severe depending on the degree and duration of obstruction.
Causes of a Swollen Kidney
Several conditions may block urine flow and cause kidney swelling, including:
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Kidney stones
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Ureteral stones
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Urinary tract obstruction
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Enlarged prostate (in men)
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Ureteral strictures (narrowing)
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Congenital urinary tract abnormalities
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Vesicoureteral reflux (backflow of urine)
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Tumors affecting the urinary tract
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Pregnancy-related urinary compression
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Blood clots (rare)
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Severe urinary tract infections
Identifying the underlying cause is essential for successful treatment.
